Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. Essay

1. Stakeholders 1.1. The five-year girl and the injured: – as because of this incident a five year girl lost her life and nothing is more precious that life. 1.2. Customers: – because people were resting their futures in the hands of this number fever promotion campaign. 1.3. Victoria Angelo, her family and families like hers: – these people who didn’t have enough money to eat were buying Pepsi in the hope of changing their whole life. The rich company Pepsi was making money by making these people believe that they might win a lot of money. Instead of using their scarce resources for something more real, these people spent it on Pepsi building up dreams of getting rich and leading a good life. 1.4. Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc.:- as the campaign was launched by Pepsi-cola, it is responsible for the outcomes like deaths, lawsuits, injured etc. 1.5. Pepsi-Cola International: – as Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. is a part of the multinational firm with branches all over the world, this incident might negatively effect the sales in other countries. 1.6. PepsiCo Inc.:- as it owns 19% of the company. 1.7. Insurance companies: – The insurance companies are affected by this incident as a lot of the Pepsi-cola cars, trucks and wagons were destroyed by the angry public and these companies might have to pay for it. 1.8. Competitors especially Coca-Cola:- as a result of this incident coca-cola might be able to snatch away a huge chunk of the market from Pepsi. 1.9. Government: – It has to make sure that companies follow the laws and  they have to protect the innocent consumers. The government has to make sure illegal and unethical activities do not happen. It has to make sure that the laws are implemented without any exceptions. 1.10. Judicial system in Philippines: – as it is responsible for making sure that no violations of laws and regulations happen and people who do it are dealt with in the proper manner. 1.11. Company Employees: – they might lose their jobs as a result of the riots and losses that Pepsi had to face. 1.12. People who ran the computer or made the computer program:- as they have a significant role to play in the misprinting of the numbers. 1.13. Banks and financial institutions: – although not very clear from the case Pepsi-cola might haven taken loans form other banks. 1.14. Share and Stockholders: – although not very clear from the case, the value of the shares and stock of Pepsi-cola Company might have fallen. 2. Ethical Issues 2.1. Trust: – A climate of trust provides improved communication, greater predictability, dependability and confidence among the customer’s, employees and the company. The people trusted Pepsi to pay them the money if they would win. But Pepsi dining do that hence breaking customer trust, something once broken is very difficult to regain. 2.2. Egoism: – the company was just thinking about its own interests when it launched the campaign. It didn’t consider the poor people who might be lured by this number fever and spend the little money they had on Pepsi-cola instead of saving it and using for food, medicines, education etc, hence harming the innocent customers. 2.3. Deception: – With the winning numbers pre-selected by computer and only  ten 1-million-peso prizes available, the chance of anyone becoming a peso millionaire was one in 28.8 million. But Pepsi drinkers didn’t know that. The few winners got saturation media coverage, and entire families spent inordinate time and effort collecting bottle caps. 2.4. Theft: – these people who didn’t have enough money to eat were buying Pepsi in the hope of changing their whole life. The rich company Pepsi was making money by making these people believe that they might win a lot of money. Instead of using their scarce resources for something more real, these people spent it on Pepsi building up dreams of getting rich and leading a good life. When Pepsi refused to pay the rightful winners their rightful money, the company robbed these people of their dreams, hopes and financial resources. 3. The shaping of Public happiness a. There was maybe a little collaboration of private welfare and public good. The company was giving out prises valuing up to 1 million to people. Although the company intended to gain more market share through this action, it also helped people get more money and live a better life. On the other hand it was also private welfare as only a handful people really profited from this action. Only these few were able to lead a better life and the majority was left out b. Yes I think it is an appropriate good as one cannot always do stuff for the public good. It is not always possible to do good for all on a large scale. You need a lot of resources, power to carry out actions on such a large scale. Instead it would be better to help groups, families and individual. This is relatively easier to do and consequently a lot of people will benefit from such actions. c. What should have been differently i. Truth: – the company should have told the truth in the advertisements, that the chance to win the game is extremely small. This would help  especially the poor people in making the more sensible and invert their money in things what they really need. ii. Trust: – the company should have tried to regain trust of the people by explaining to them that the mistake was not on purpose and that they never intended to hurt people’s feelings. iii. Consequences: – The Company should have also tried to explain to the people that if Pepsi would pay the $18 billion to the people, then the company would go broke and would have to close. This would result in thousands of people loosing their jobs. iv. Government: – it should make sure that people understand such campaigns and don’t get seduced by such empty promises through better control over what the companies exactly advertise and what they do. d. Yes Pepsi was justified in not paying the full 1 million pesos: Doing that would mean that Pepsi would have to pay a total of more than $18 billion, a sum that would definitely lead to the company getting bankrupt. As a result of this thousands of people would lose their jobs not only in Philippines but also in other parts of the world where Pepsi operates as the Whole Pepsi organisation would be affected by this huge loss. The share and stock holder might lose a lot of money as a result of this loss at Pepsi. Thus it is a very complicated and damaging chain reaction that would be set of into action if Pepsi paid the money. Pepsi made a mistake in printing the numbers, something it did not intend to do. It kept its promise of giving out the 1 million to people who had the numbers but now you can’t expect the company to pay $18 billion because of an honest mistake. Everyone makes mistakes. e. Europe: – The response would have been different as the people in Europe are not that poor and live a good life. They are not that desperate. They are also well educated and understand such campaigns. South America and Africa: – the response might have been similar to that in  Philippines as the people are poor and are desperate to have money. Most of the people are not well educated and hence don’t really understand such campaigns. Asia: – the response here might be not that aggressive as in Philippine as the people are well educated and although also being poor they live in highly developing countries for example India ,China etc, that are constantly attractive huge investments from around the world. Multinational companies are building huge factories here and are outsourcing their functions in these countries. As such the people are not that desperate. f. The firms offer was OK, it could have offered some more money, but whatever it might have offered it would have never been enough for the people. The company had to think about all its shareholders and paying the full amount would have damaged lot of them for example Insurance companies, Company Employees, Banks and financial institutions, Share and Stockholders etc. It was in the best interest of everyone for the company to pay 500 pesos and not the full 1 million. 4. What would I do? Likely the ethical principles violated have to do with trust that they would keep their word, (pay for winners) even if it weren’t profitable. I don’t think the ads said anything about conditions of payment are only if they ‘choose the correct, low probability number to ensure low payoff’. It seems also that they need their customers, particularly since Coke customers will not be affected by Pepsi-Philippines decision not to pay off. I would make sure that the advertisements would mention the risks and possibilities of winning. The people would be aware of the fact that it is very difficult to win. This would help a person not to invest all his hopes and resources in something that is itself a dream. I would also try to explain to the people that if Pepsi would pay the $18 billion to the people, then the company would go broke and would have to close. This would result in thousands of people loosing their jobs. I would try to maintain the good will of the customers. The projected $ loss from loss in reputation may be worse than paying the prizes. Simply from a business and ethical perspective, I would have done something very quickly to maintain the good will of the customers once I knew of the mistake. I would have tried to regain trust of the people by explaining to them that the mistake was not on purpose and that the company never intended to hurt people’s feelings. Maybe in Hong Kong the results would have been less radical or violent. However that wouldn’t mean that the company wasn’t just as wrong for their short-sightedness and carelessness. Their carelessness led to violence and death. Something should have been done differently. Yes. 5. Application of to case 5.1. Personal Traits:- Business decisions are made by individuals or by committees, thus the ethics of business in reality is the ethics of the individuals making up the business. A series of factors influence a persons ethics: personal values, stage of moral development and moral approbation. The extent to which a decision maker’s behaviour reflects personal values depends to some extent on the decision maker’s ego strength, field dependence and locus of control. There the Pepsi-cola company is a big player with a lot of power which can lead to high ego strength and locus of control. This might cause the company to go its own way and set wrong standards and use questionable methods. Stages of development depict the type of rationale used to select options. Moral approbation characterizes the internal need for approval something that is scarcely present in big companies. Each of these traits either supports ethical or unethical behaviour. 5.2. Stakeholders :- A stakeholder is someone who has a stake in an organization or a program. Stakeholders either affect the organization/program or are affected by it. Stakeholders include people who staff a program (e.g., management, staff); people who are affected by a program (e.g., clients, their families, and the  community); people who contribute to a program in other ways (e.g., contributors, funding agencies and foundations, volunteers, partner organizations, board members, etc.); and people with a vested interest in the program (e.g., politicians, neighbors, etc.), competitors, suppliers etc. The company did not take into consideration the effects of this campaign on particularly its consumers. The Stakeholders influence decisions in both ethical and unethical directions. 5.3. Organizational Culture and Traits It might be referred to as the common set of assumptions, beliefs and values that has developed within the organisation to cope with the external and internal environment and that is passed on to new members to guide their actions within these environments. It provides a sense of identity among members and promotes a commitment of the members to something larger than self. It also provides for stability of the organisational social system and rationale and direction for behaviour. While organisational culture serves as the overall glue of the organisation specific aspects of its culture are influenced by the organisational traits for e.g. organisational climate and organisational goals etc. 3.4. Dimensions of Decision Making The Decision Processes help to explain the types of ethical decision making behaviour that occur in business. Managers indicate there are specific actions that they will not countenance – thus, the minimum performance rule. Once a set of decision alternatives has been established, each one is evaluated on the bases of the Decision dimensions like economic, political, technological, social and ethical issues. These issues are responsible at the end about the ethical nature of the decision. 3.5. Moral Intensity The degree of moral intensity influences the decision maker’s decisions. A person with a high moral intensity is tend to consider moral and ethical  issues more deeply than a person who’s moral intensity lies very low. 3.6. Minimum Performance Level/ Total Benefit Test The decision maker applies a minimum performance rule to each of the decisions that specifies the minimum acceptable performance level for each of the decision dimensions. Any alternative that creates a conflict of interest will be dropped from consideration. The minimum performance level might be less than the desired level and when considered by itself would lead to rejection of the alternative. Decisions Alternatives that survive the Minimum Performance Level rule test may then be subjected to the second phase, total benefit yielding the overall value of each alternative. After the benefit for each decision variable has being considered has been derived, one would expect that the decision maker would select the alternative with the highest benefit. 6. Lessons Critical for organizations that are striving to gain or maintain a competitive advantage and that are in the process of re-structuring for the new century. Decision-making is an important factor for growing organizational memory with newly created knowledge and a broader base of perspectives to use in subsequent decision-making situations. Given a particular decision context and a decision maker with a set of personal values, it may be very difficult to see all sides of the issue. Individual, managerial and organisational success all depend on making the right decisions at the right times.1 However, decision-making is just one component of the problem-solving process. Unless a problem has been defined and its root causes identified, managers are unlikely to be able to make an appropriate decision about how to solve it. Effective managers know how to gather and evaluate information that clarifies a problem. They know the value of generating more than one action alternative and weighing all the implications of a plan before deciding to implement it. A major responsibility for all managers is to maintain a constant lookout for actual or potential problems. Managers do this by keeping channels of communication open and monitoring. When a problem involves others, they need to feel understood and accepted; they must have confidence that the problem can be resolved; they must trust management to see the problem as a learning experience and not as an excuse to punish someone. Whether blameworthy or not, the use of the cloak of social responsibility, and the nonsense spoken in its name by influential and prestigious businessmen, does clearly harm the foundations of a free society. I have been impressed time and again by the schizophrenic character of many businessmen. They are capable of being extremely far-sighted and clear-headed in matters that are internal to their businesses. They are incredibly short-sighted and muddle-headed in matters that are outside their businesses but affect the possible survival of business in general. But the doctrine of â€Å"social responsibility† taken seriously would extend the scope of the political mechanism to every human activity. It does not differ in philosophy from the most explicitly collective doctrine. It differs only by professing to believe that collectivist ends can be attained without collectivist means. The social responsibility of business is to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud.

Price War Essay

How should a company try to deal with the threat of a price war? Fontinelle (2010) believed that price war has a big impact which leads to a string of price reduction that vaporizes the profit margins. There are some solutions which can cope with the menace of a price war. To start with, Rao et al. (2000) showed that the manager of a company should take into account of other options before answering the price cuts call. The manager should consider matching price cut is a good choice or not before deciding. Moreover, additional information about the price war is needed to be figured out immediately. Does the discounted price apply for a short period of time or long term? In addition, the terms and conditions for the promotion are also involved. For example, Starbucks drove their customers crazy because of the 50% discount Frappuccino in happy hour campaign. In addition, it also attracts more new customers. Meanwhile, their competitors should consider about applying the same strategy or do nothing. The competitor’s managers must be particularly careful as the threat of price war is high. In addition, they may get more disadvantages instead of advantages as if their brand is not as strong as Starbucks. Misreading the competitor’s purposes which is one of the main factor causes price war can lead to unavoidable price war (Little, 2003). Therefore, correct information about competitor’s intentions must be obtained carefully. The reason behind the price cuts must be figured out to have the right respond. With the same example above, the competitors’ managers should research in detail about Starbucks promotion campaign to have their suitable marketing strategy. According to Rao et al. (2000), marketing communication strategy plays an important role in ensuring the competitors understand the reason behind the company pricing tactics which assists in avoiding a price war. Advertisement should not only focus on the price but also the quality and benefits of the product. Therefore, the companies should selectively reveal their strategy intentions in the purpose of staying away from price reductions. To avoid igniting a price war, Swartz (2012) claimed that products are required to be differentiated. It means that the products must be customized to become outstanding in the market share. Although other traders may offer products which are similar to those competitors are selling, it doesn’t necessarily mean the company must serve identical products or services. Therefore, there are many ways of differentiation in order to make the customers realize which product is more valuable to purchase. Rao et al. (2000) pointed out that awareness of customer’s level of price sensitivities is also important. To carry out a successful pricing strategy, a company must first comprehend the basic understanding of customer perception of price sensitivity. This changes when new competitors enter the current market as company have to be aware of other competitors pricing strategy as well. As a conclusion, companies should keep clear of price wars as it can be difficult to manage as soon as price wars begin to gain a head start. Arguments between companies regarding price wars should be handled calmly to avoid unnecessary conflicts. As a side benefit, it would also reduce the chances of initiating price wars.

Hp and Compaq merger Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hp and Compaq merger - Research Paper Example From this view, the successful technology company, rather than regarding its surroundings as fairly stable and internal mechanisms as being of utmost importance, reacts in a converse manner, focusing outwards and embracing change and letting technology lead the way in terms of change. Or, alternatively, the company could also be pulled along by technology rather than being the one doing the pushing. In this type of situation, â€Å"Marketing oriented managers can direct scientists into what appear to be exciting markets with assured high demand. This is often called demand pull. Here innovation, the need, is father to or mother to the new invention† (Burgelman et al., 683). Overall, the HP Compaq merger case seems to show technology pull or demand pull, because it was in fact the popularity of the increasing computer hardware/software manufacturing technology that was pulling the merger into innovation. This is a very dynamic industry, in which variables of competition would f avor a merger between two large pre-existing players, rather than a new entrant. There are many reasons for this, chief among them the extreme costs of entering this saturated market. In the face of competition, Compaq/HP as a merged company has been struggling to capture the market dominance that it needs to survive in this competitive and dynamic type of industry. â€Å"Now the two consulting firms mostly agree that HP has a firm lead. IDC published statistics on Jan. 17 showing that Palo Alto-based HP had 18.1% market share during the three months ended December, while Round Rock (Tex.)-based Dell had only 14.7%. By Gartners count HP had 17.4% market share and Dell takes second place with 13.9%† (Ryst, 2007). Although the merged company is still strong in the market generally, it cannot really afford to keep slipping. Solving this problem means realizing how economics plays a large role in the external environment of HP/Compaq’s market, particularly the PC

Organizational Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Challenges - Essay Example Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Word length: 1651 Organizational Challenges at Procter & Gamble 1. Introduction The aim of this assignment is to examine ways through which Procter & Gamble (P&G) can detect decreased motivation among Global Business Services (GBS) unit workers and measures that the company can take to restore levels of motivation back to their original high level. GBS employees considerably lost motivation for their usually exemplary duty performance following revelation that, the management at P&G was considering strategic options that would make GBS market efficient in an increasingly competitive business environment. Employees at GBS were immediately concerned about the future of their jobs if the management outsourced GBS services to another company. This issue caused them c onsiderable uncertainty and stress, consequently, decreasing their motivation and leading to reduced quality of work. This assignment is applying the motivation organizational behavior topic motivation and suggests that employee motivation is vital in order to achieve high productivity. The assignment is structured in three parts. The first part is looking at ways in which the management can detect a fall in motivation, especially when it does not result in an overall reduction in productivity as is the case at P&G. The second is exploring measures which the management at P&G can take to motivate employees at GBS. The third is exploring the means through the management can prevent a fall in employee motivation in the future when similar circumstances emerge again. This assignment identifies that application of the motivation topic is crucial, since it enables us understand the importance of maintaining high employee motivation in order to sustain high levels of productivity. 2. Mana gerial Challenge at P&G The management of P&G decided to reveal to GBS employees that they were carrying out investigations into outsourcing GBS. They took this action despite recognizing the obvious uncertainty and stress it would create among them. The management considered this action vital due to three reasons. Firstly, they recognized the importance to communicate openly and freely about such a major process. Secondly, they wanted to obtain valuable feedback from GBS employees concerning the proposed changes. Thirdly, they wanted to avoid a scenario whereby the employees would find out the impending changes through rumors which would have a devastating effect on their motivation. On revealing this information to employees, the exact situation they were attempting to avoid resulted. Employees became worried about the future of their jobs and felt that the company was betraying them after years of devoted service. The uncertainties significantly demotivated employees and this tra nslated to a decline in productivity. However, core work continued as usual, and employees only put off the nonessential tasks so that the management did not notice the decline in productivity (Ramlall, 2004, 50 – 64). 3. Ways of Detecting Decline in Employee Motivation at GBS It is important for the management of P&G to detect and rectify the fall in motivation among GBS employees as fast as possible, since it will eventually compromise the overall productivity of the company. The easiest way to achieve this task is by delegating it to the Governance Team as one of its crucial functions in the process of investigating options for outsourcing GBS

Ethical issues in the treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea with EXercise Research Paper

Ethical issues in the treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea with EXercise independently - Research Paper Example The increasing in OSA prevalence had motivated researchers to create over 400 studies regarding this disorder in a time frame of five or more years (Vanhecke, 2008). There are various surgical and/or non-surgical interventions which the disorder of OSA can be treated (Kline et al., 2011; Lam et al., 2007). CPAP is the most common non-surgical effective used to treat OSA (Kline et al., 2011). CPAP is considered quite inexpensive in comparison to surgical intervention. However, the problem with CPAP is a poor compliance with CPAP (Kline et al., 2011). Therefore, considering another line for treating OSA may be benefit. Exercise revealed a significant reduction in OSA severity when used as an adjuvant therapy (Netzer et al., 1997; Norman et al., 2000; Giebelhaus et al., 2000; Ackel-D’ Elia et al., 2011). In contrary, exercise alone reported to be less effective in treating OSA comparing with oral appliance as well as one day without use of CPAP and oral compliance reported in wor sening the OSA severity (Ferguson et al., 2006; Caples et al., 2010; Kribbs et al., 1993). Despite these evidences recently, few researchers utilized exercise independently to treat OSA in a randomize control trial (Kline et al., 2012; Kline et al., 2011; Sengul el at., 2011). ... Furthermore, the most important considerations in looking at the ethics of a research study are the magnitude of the potential harm, the significance of the knowledge to be learned, the likelihood that the research will produce such knowledge, and the methods chosen to minimize the potential harm to the subjects. This paper critically discusses and analyzes the ethical considerations for subject’s involvement in research that utilized exercise independently in treating OSA, focusing on autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Cure of OSA: The effects of ‘Obstructive Sleep Apnea have been evaluated to be harmful today more than ever before†. Patient realizes in severe cases that their controls over his/her sleep or rest condition is growing enfeebled with time. For psychologists it is a major cause of contorted dream pattern and has adverse effects on patient’s personality. Many people are not aware of this disease unless mention and repeated comp laint with the partner is made. In severe cases the patient himself feels too much perturbed with the disturbance that cause choking of the breathing. Obstructive Sleep Apnea is akin to the hamsters where calm conditions for rest are not achieved. Obstructive Sleep Apnea is often caused due to the relaxation of the throat’s soft tissue to such a level that it collapses causing airway blockage. The slack which in this type of unconscious can be harmful has been observed with a varying degree of treatments (MacDonald). Accentuating Exercise for the Treatment of OSA: Interestingly, Obstructive Sleep Apnea is linked with snoring because of having same causes as far as physiological construct and disposition is concerned. Many studies have been conducted with proven results. In order to cure Obstructive Sleep

Discovery Timeline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discovery Timeline - Essay Example Up until the 16th century, people thought that heavy objects fell faster. Galileo Galilei, in 1585, climbed to the top of the leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two objects. One object was heavy and the other was light, but both reached the ground at the same time. Thus, he proved that objects fall at the same rate and accelerate as they fall. (Ed-Helper, n.d) Later on, Galilei expressed his theories with equations, and his discoveries and equations served as a guideline for Newton's equations of gravity, which are still used to date. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity. 'Ben suspected that lightning was an electrical current in nature, and he wanted to see if he was right. One way to test his idea would be to see if the lightning would pass through metal. He decided to use a metal key and looked around for a way to get the key up near the lightning. he used a child's toy, a kite, to prove that lightning is really a stream of electrified air, known today as plasma. His famous stormy kite flight in June of 1752 led him to develop many of the terms that we still use today when we talk about electricity: battery, conductor, condenser, charge, discharge, uncharged, negative, minus, plus, electric shock, and electrician.' (AmericanRevolution, n.d) In 1879, Thomas Edison discovered the incand... Incandescent light bulbs or lamps are sources of artificial light which use electricity to emit light. With this discovery, he enabled portable lighting, such as table lamps, some car headlamps and electric flashlights, and decorative and advertising lighting. References 1. Bill Arnett (last updated: 2007 Jun 02) Appendix 3:Chronology of Solar System Discovery. Retrieved May 29, 2008 from http://www.nineplanets.org/history.html 2. The Age of Discovery - Gravity and Gauss. Retrieved May 29, 2008 from http://edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_35_204.html 3. Benjamin Franklin and Discovery of Electricity. Rerieved May 29, 2008 from http://www.americanrevolution.com/BenjaminFranklinElectricity.htm. 4. Tom Edison (n.d). Incandescent Light. Retrieved May 29, 2008 from

My Writing Experiences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Writing Experiences - Essay Example I am an extrovert person even from my childhood which enabled me to communicate effectively with even strangers. Such communications often increased my knowledge level immensely. New knowledge or information always attracted me irrespective of whether it is useful to me or interesting to me. Topics like politics, sports, cinema, science, history, philosophy, sociology, psychology education, business, and economics; all attracted me and I always tried to collect information regarding the above topics in particular. I strongly believe that my interests in a variety of topics helped me a lot while writing something about a topic. Simple academic knowledge alone cannot make a good writer. Close observation of incidents or developments happening all over the world is necessary for a writer. Moreover, I have a strong temperament in listening others even though I am a bit, talkative person. I consider all the above qualities as the strengths of me as a writer. The main weakness about me as a writer is my inability to concentrate entirely on the topic. Because of a reasonable amount of knowledge I possess about different topics, my track quiet often deviated from the main theme while writing. I need a lot of proofreading sessions before making the topic back on track. I always tried to accommodate too many things in a small paper and hence quiet regularly exceeds the limits while writing my assignments. I always tried to incorporate interesting examples in my paper irrespective of the topic. I believe that the readers are the asset of a writer and hence in order to catch the attention of the readers, interesting examples or stories need to be included in the paper even if we are writing about boring subjects like philosophy or politics. I always like to have a calm and quiet atmosphere around me while writing which enabled me to focus entirely on the paper.

Garbology in Marketing Strategies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Garbology in Marketing Strategies - Term Paper Example Neuromarketing refers to the application of technology to determine the consumer’s brain activity so as to assist in developing products and communications (Zurawicki 211). The technique is founded on the idea that consumer purchasing behavior is formed in split seconds. The technique also holds that buying decisions are made within the brain’s subconscious and emotional part. The technique is also based on the premise that that by being able to clearly understand what consumers like, do not like, or fear as shown by the reactions of the brain to brand stimuli, marketers can be able to brand their products and communicate with them in a manner that best meets the market needs, by influencing consumers to buy the products. All these fundamentals are based on neuromarketing is based on neuroscience, which involves the study of how the brain enables human to think, perceive, and feel emotions, make decisions and communicate (Guardian News and Media Limited Par. 3). The tec hniques applied are based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), psychophysics, electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) as noted by Moore and Pareek (195). Neuromarketing research is said to have triggered significant amount of interest among many marketers and companies. Proponents of the technology argue that it could be the next big thing in the marketplace (Guardian News and Media Limited par 6). In this regard, they argue that by using science to locate the ‘buy buttons’ of consumers, it would be easy for marketers to open the black box of the consumer’s mind. Research reveals that neuromarketing is good for application in different areas especially in predicting behaviors, understanding the ads that the majority of consumers can easily remember. It can also be applied in choosing the media formats that can easily be understood by consumers. Other areas of application according to Moore and Pareek are in understanding why most consumers differ from what they inform the focus group (196).

A comparison of Hebrew Flood Story, Babylonian and Summarian Flood Research Paper

A comparison of Hebrew Flood Story, Babylonian and Summarian Flood Story - Research Paper Example Only one man and his family were saved in each case. The Hebrew flood story, which is sometimes called the Genesis flood story, tells of a man called Noah, who was the only righteous man in his time. Noah was commanded by God to build an ark and gather a pair of all species of life; a male and a female, into it. These animals joined Noah and his family in the ark when the floods came. In a sense, Noah was the second Adam. He was destined to be the new progenitor of the human race. Those of his generation were destroyed because of their evil ways. The Babylon flood story was the first one to be discovered, and talks of Utnapishtim who is like the Biblical Noah who was used by the gods, to build a ship and save mankind. The Summarian flood story is a myth that talks of a Summarian hero called Gilgamesh who transverse the world to deceive death that is; he wanted to be immortal, and he came across an old man Utnapishtim who told him of the past incidents of the flood in Babylon that mad e him immortal. The flood story is copied from Babylonian Gilgamesh era, and it is one of the versions of Babylonian flood stories. Although it is not clear if Hebrew flood story was derived from an earlier Babylonian flood story, or the Summarian flood story was the one copied from an earlier Hebrew flood story, or that both of them were imitation of the same source that gives an earlier date for both of them. Similarities between the Hebrew flood story, Babylonian and Summarian flood story The stories shows how mankind had become intolerable to God and the gods and were guilty of sin thus were punished. In Hebrews story, mankind had become so immoral and evil; and in Babylonian story, they had become too many and raucous to god. The Summarian man kind was too noisy for the gods. The floods marked the turning point in the relationship between gods and man kind and he decided to use the floods to punish them for their sins. The Hebrew Flood story talks of Noah’s duty to safeg uard mankind after God had punished them. In all the stories, there was a relationship between gods and the hero’s, this shows the cultural and moral perspective of the stories as floods are also used in each story, to show the common origin (Boadt 189). The stories show that there exists a Supreme Being that saw the human beings in the world as wicked and thus they should be punished and hence he destroyed the world by flood. The gods used one person in all cases to build an ark that will withstand the flood when he destroys the world. It is the same person that the gods use to create a new generation. In Hebrew flood story, he used Noah, one man who was his favorite to save his family and the representatives of all living creatures. In Babylonia flood story Ea the god of wisdom used Utnapishtim who was his favourite righteous man and he is the one who was warned and informed of the destruction through a dream. The meanings of the names although differ as Noah means â€Å"r est† while Utnapishtim means â€Å"finder of life†. None of the people used was faultless but, the gods considered them righteous compared to the people around them. In Summarian flood story, Gilgamesh was a domineering ruler to his subjects and they in turn, called upon the gods, to send him nemesis. It is the same persons that the gods ordered to build arks, which were to have many compartments, and it is the same boats that would eventually escape the floods. The human kind was to escape the floods by boarding the ark. At the same time, the people at that time did not have the technological know how to build such things as vehicles, or airplanes thus the ark was constructed. The gods further used these same individuals to warn the rest of the coming

Video Game Is Harmful To Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Video Game Is Harmful To Children - Essay Example In a Gallup poll conducted in 1984, over 93% of American teenagers had participated in video games for at least some of the time. By the year 2001, sales of video game were projected to reach eight billion dollars, with more than 280 million units sold in the year 2000 alone. Approximately 60 percent of all American population regularly plays video games and the annual worldwide video games sales reached 20 billion dollars (Evra, 197). This popularity and strong appeal of video games brought great controversy, with some people arguing in their favor and others arguing against them. As Gunter points out, one of the most dangerous aspects of video games is that they can become addictive. They make players to feel constantly compelled to be involved with them and they may portray a lack of interest in other tasks. They cause withdrawal symptoms if a player attempts to stop playing them for some time. Video games critics also hold the view that video games have a corrupting control on yo uths and children in that they encourage anti-social behavior and glorify violence. They argue that most video games have tendencies of feeding into masculine fantasies of control, destruction and power, rather than feeding into co-operation and bargaining (Gunter, 15). Themes of violence characterize them. As opposed to watching TV, playing video games is interactive and therefore, it is much more psychologically involving. The effects of their violent themes on children are therefore more pronounced. A video game use survey revealed that 70% of 118 M-rated games (games for mature audiences above 17 years of age) were aimed at children below 17 years. More disturbing is the fact that younger children could readily access these allegedly restricted video games. Unaccompanied 13 to 16-year-old children were in a position to purchase M-rated video games 85% of the time. Apparently, as they produce and market these games, sell them, and agree to the children to buy and play them, the v ideo-game industry, retailers and parents respectively do not have the best interests of children at heart. Shifting the blame to parents, the video game industry in defense asserts that they are just providing to children what they want and that children know that the games are not real. They also disagree with the argument that video games triggers and increases violence among children and youths (Taylor, 10-11). McGraw cites a latest content analysis by a research organization called Children Now indicates that most of the video games include violence and that almost half of the violent incidents would culminate into death or serious injuries in the ‘real’ world. He adds that children tend to resolve anxiety wrongly by externalizing it. Consequently, when they become anxious, they have the tendency of externalizing it rather than conveying it emotionally through crying, talking about it, soothing themselves, expressing it to someone, or through calming themselves. Th ey can be mean to a pet; they can assault something; or even kick a wall. Children who play these video games exhibit an increased rate of violent responses.  McGraw further notes that violent video games do not teach moral consequences to children. They, for example, do not teach that if one shoots somebody he/she should go to jail/get penalized. Instead, such acts earn the player extra points! The most damaging facet of violent video gam

Competitiveness and Inventory Management Essay Example for Free

Competitiveness and Inventory Management Essay To be competitive, many fast-food chains expanded their menus to include a wider range of foods. Although contributing to competitiveness, this has added to the complexity of operations, including inventory management. In what ways did the expansion of menu offerings create a problem for inventory management? One form of inventory is safety stock, which is primarily carried by companies to ensure a variety of products is available at all times. However, safety stock ties up capital and hinders cash flow. Using the Argosy University online library resources and the Internet, research safety stock. Then respond to the following: †¢As a manager, what recommendations could you provide to reduce inventories as it relates to safety stock? †¢What parameters would lead you to believe that (a) large safety stock, (b) small safety stock, and (c) zero safety stock would be advantageous for the organization? Be sure to provide examples and data in support. After your initial post, discuss the following: †¢What are some of the ways in which a company can reduce the need for inventories? †¢How has technology aided inventory management? †¢How have technological improvements in products such as automobiles and computers impacted inventory decisions? Write your initial response in 200 to 300 words. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. By Saturday, June 28, 2014, post your response to the appropriate Discussion Area. Through Wednesday, July 2, 2014, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses. Consider the following in your response: †¢Provide a statement of clarification or a point of view with rationale. †¢Challenge a point of discussion or draw a relationship between one or more points of the discussion.

Smartphone Market Essay Example for Free

Smartphone Market Essay With emerging mobile technologies and rapid growth in users of smartphones, there have been a lot of legal issues involved between the mobile phone producers. Standards are being set and patents are being registered by the producers to keep their market upright. These patents are registered mainly to monitor and implement the means to increase the number of consumers. This article will examine how these legal issues affect the end users and also about the legal issues which are being brought to the court. The article also discusses the implications of the current lack of specificity of the patents and suggests refinement of patents in terms of narrow versus broad inclusiveness. Analysis The smartphone market has taken a giant leap in the last decade with major markets emerging every day. The markets do have their own patent and copyright to keep their work intact from the other manufacturers. The legal issues binding to such patents are also complicated. These patents are directly connected to the profits and also market value. They are considered to be valuable and serve as the counter weight for the manufacturers in terms of the market place and to keep a competitive balance in the market. The author in the article tries to understand the legal battle between Apple and Samsung on various patents they use on their phone. Apple on one hand claims that Android market has been designed to copy iphones design and strategy whereas Samsung replies saying that familiar product design doesn’t mean imitation. This battles has started when Samsung launched the galaxy series. The legal battle mainly started with patent issues when Samsung went for Android market for their phones. The legal issues went public and familiar when Samsung was asked to pay $1.05 billion in damages as it acted wilfully in violating the patent rights. This also went to a stage where the Samsung’s key phones and tablets may be banned for sales and the world’s biggest technology provider has come to a stand- still with their four year low on market value after the verdict the US jury. Samsung has come to stage overturn the decision with the patent battles come to an end but it always seems like a fake promise to keep the competitive market balance in mind for the smart phones. While Samsung believes that the design and feature of Apple should not be allowed to claim patent whereas Apple strongly believes  that its design and features are its main market value and consider them as its intellectual property. More violations from Samsung’s end in patents have strengthened the case towards apple. These cases between Apple and Samsung have been spread to almost all the countries where they have their end consumers. Samsung being the main component supplier for Apple should have solved these issues amicably out of the court but failed to do so. The end customers are put in a question always whether to go for Samsung products or Apple products keeping in mind the legal issues these two companies have. The product support also went to a question mark because of the pending legal cases in the court. Most of the applications in both the phones are now in a question mark because of the pending patent rights. Both Apple and Samsung phone users are getting a software update in which many of the features goes for redesigning and certain legal issues goes missing. The functionality of the phone remain the same but the patent suits won goes for upgradation. Because of these copying acts of Samsung, Apple have won 1 billion for damages and that is not all it might have negative impacts on the phones already released. The android market which is having a market stake of 60 to 70 percent will lose some key functionality and also some specific features. This could also end up Samsung in redesigning and changing the features in the phones which they have already released in the market. The end customers are also in the queue up whether the battle for the smartphones will affect the functionality of the product they have bought in the market. With android markets being at stake it is hugely a question mark for Samsung to depend on such market which is highly competitive. Apple has shown the world that Samsung has copied the design and features of iphone. Apple in turn is trying the curb the android market which proves to be very competitive to the Iphone market. Apple tries to curb the manufacturers who are attached to Android market for which HTC legal cases and Samsung legal cases are a better example. Apple is tactically using its own method to slow down the android market by attacking the companies making android devices While the prospects of losing so many design and features to Apple it could just be a platform for android to try something new. This could be a push ahead move for android as they will try new things from now on and will not act as a shadow to ios. By introducing  Android 4.0 Google is trying to improvise and create a new unique operating system to support the android making companies. Since the android phones no more resemble a iphone in the market, it could be a boost to sell the new model phones in the market. The legal cases could have favoured Apple but the sales and the market value is favouring Samsung. The cases have favoured Apple but if the customer have to go away from old hat and needs a good change they have to go for a new smartphones which are using android operating system. The industry experts reckon that the android markets would boom after the complex decision from the jury come up as they conclude that the phones will have a new look and features which will attract the customers more than before. The market share of android making phones are also expected to rise with their new design and feature. The end customers are given a new glimpse of phones which is not a shadow or imitation of iphone with improved functionality and features. It gets better with wacky new designs for the customers and is proving to be a good idea for the manufacturers to try new things and new features on the phone. The law suits by apple in one form have helped the end customer to get new design and new features. This can be put in other words that there are now two different smart phones available which has different designs to excite the customer. References 1. Dan Levine Purnima gupta (2012) Reuters, 27 August [online] Available at http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/27/us-apple-samsung-legal-idUSBRE87Q02K20120827 (Accessed on 13 December 2012) 2. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/apple-iphone-violated-three-patents-damages-unclear-u-s-jury/articleshow/17604481.cms

KBR Technology and Engineering Analysis

KBR Technology and Engineering Analysis Introduction to the case: KBR (Kellogg, Brown and Root) is a global Infrastructure business Venture. With 57,000 employees operating worldwide, its a leading engineering, construction and services company. Supporting the hydrocarbon, energy, civil infrastructure sectors and government services, its business is based on project management activities. Headquartered in Houston, Texas; it operates from its locations in Australia, Africa, UK, Asia and the Middle East. It enjoys an eminent and one of the leading market positions in the infrastructure sector. KBR serves its customers through six strategic business units: †¢ Upstream offers engineering related services for energy Projects †¢ Downstream serves business clients in the petrochemical coal gasification markets †¢ KBR Services provides construction and maintenance support services †¢ KBR Technology Manages Intellectual Property Rights. †¢ KBR Ventures Provides Financial and management services to its partners. †¢ Government and Infrastructure (GI) offers construction, engineering and project management services. Leveraging from its GI business expertise, KBR formed a Joint venture with Carillion, another company, creating Aspire Defense. Aspire Defence is to deliver Project Allenby/ Connaught. Project Allenby happens to be the largest infrastructure project, in scale, to be awarded by the Ministry of Defence to the private sector. Aspire defence has three business wings: * Aspire Defence Limited (ADL), responsible for Service Delivery. * Aspire Defence Capital Works (ADCW) delivers the construction. * Aspire defence Services Limited (ADSL) delivers facilities and provides service management support to the project. Our study is to analyse the organization of such a diversified business venture. The report is to study the Organizational behavior and change management systems in place. Our focus would be on Aspire defence. Q1). Leadership and the leadership style used by the company and its relationship with the leadership theories you are familiar with? Leadership is amongst the most important things by which an organization is run. Its the most celebrated of the management traits. â€Å"Effective leadership is the ability to successfully integrate and maximize available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment of organizational or societal goals† (Ogbonnia, 2007). Leadership styles refer to the leaders decision making behavior, which is resultant of the philosophy, experience and personality of the leader. Leadership styles may be classified as follows (Lewin, Lippitt,and White, 1939): * Dictator: Leader uses fear and threats to impose his decisions. * Autocratic : Centralised decision making. * Democratic : Partcipative decision making. * Free Rein : Maximum liberty allowed to individuals. KBR follows a flat organizational structure, meaning there are only a few layers between the line workers and ownership. Modern Organizations are continuously becoming flatter, with the leadership shunning their â€Å"lazy† dependence on the hierarchy to get the management data together and then disseminating the leadership decisions down the vertical. KBRs hierarchy suggests a Senior Management Team which wants to be involved in the minutest of the business functionalities. They are dynamic enough to control costs and to increase speed of response to customer desires and market changes. Over the years, KBR has done very well to grow from a small fabrication business to one of the most respected, diversified conglomerates of Britain. Its success suggests that the leadership has been effective to maintain the balance between becoming flatter and the social distance required in order to take the big-picture view; to make structured business decisions. ADSL seems to follow a democratic leadership style. Due to lesser hierarchies, employees tend to be self directed, taking initiatives and applying intuition to their daily operations. With ADL solely responsible for service delivery ; ADSL and ADCW entrusted with project execution, the set up provides a framework where each and every role is involved in the decision making process. With the organization slowly moving towards a matrix structure, the management has a very quick access to the cross functional teams. These teams with specific knowledge of different areas of the business venture, provide important inputs to decision making. As with many modern organizations, the leadership style can be explained by the Situational Leadership theories, wherein the management acts on contingency and takes on a leadership style which a particular situation demands. They are completely flexible. Examine the source of the organizations culture and its implications on the workforce and the organizational performance. Cooke and Rosseau define Organizational culture as â€Å"The ways of thinking, behaving and believing that members of a social unit have in common†. Organisations are viewed as independent, its goals differing from those of its members. There are three main sources from which an organization derives its culture: * The national culture * The Vision, Management style of its founder. * The nature of Business. Matching individuals to organizations is an important part of success to any business. The match between people and the organizations they work for, is determined by the type of organizational culture that exists. The extent to which an organizations values match with that of an individual is the prime determinant of the employees work. An organizations culture basically defines an employees role. Being aware of the organizational culture at all levels is important because it is the culture that defines appropriate and inappropriate behavior. In some businesses, for example, creativity is stressed. In others, the status quo is valued. Some cultures are more socially oriented, while others insist task-orientation. Corporate performance depends a lot on this match between the individual and corporate values. Effective management involves maintaining a balance between the two. The core values of KBR are intrinsic to its organizational culture, built upon the highest standards of safety, transparency, disciple, financial accountability among others. KBR has developed an organizational culture where its fundamentals are based on delivering benefits to its customers, shareholders, communities it serves and to its employees. Such an organizational culture has helped KBR to be premier organization delivering projects and services to a global marketplace. Culture acts as a constraint on the actions of managers and workers. Explore how the culture of an organization has impact on both the leadership and the organization structure of the organization. Culture within a company has a huge impact on leadership and the decison making process. Of all the implications, an organizations culture determines the leadership styles and whether the decision making is top down or bottom up. In a top down approach, the leadership is autocratic. Decisions are taken and merely passed down the channels without any inputs from the technical experts who, mostly, are at the bottom of the organization structure. In a bottom up culture, decisions are partly taken by the actual job floor, within their scope. In such a set up, innovative ideas are generated and the company usually fares well because it harnesses the power of many. Entrepreneurial setups, like KBR tend to have a flat organizational structure. Organizational cultures derived from the nature of businesses also define the organizational structure. Heavy equipment manufacturing set ups and Investment Banks usually tend to have flat structures. This is so to allow the management to control the dynamically changing market trends and customer preferences which are very important for them. On the other hand an FMCG company usually has a tall structure. Primarily because of their long distribution, acquisition and logistics chain; and because the customer preferences are fairly stable. Explain the issue of motivation theories, the motivational policies used in the case and its impact on the individual and organization performances. Stephen P. Robbins defines motivation as â€Å"The processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.† Motivation, in the modern Organizational context is one of the most important and underlying factors which drives every employee performance. Different scholarly theories have been put forward in the understanding of motivation and its effects on organizational efficiency. The most recognized of these are the Maslows Need Hierarchy Thoery, Douglas Mc Gregors Theory X and Thoery Y, Frederick Herzbergs Two Factor Theory. Maslow states that innate in every employee is a hierarchy of needs- Physiological, Social, Esteem, and Self- Actualisation; in order. He explains that as and when each need is substantially fulfilled, an employee looks to satisfy the next need on the Grid. To retain the most able of its talent, an organization has to dynamically map its personnels competency and their satisfaction levels. Calculated incentives have to be offered to satisfy the next level. Douglas Mc Gregor states that there are two states of human psychology and every compensation structure has to be devised keeping them in mind. Theory X is to be followed by the management when it feels that its employees pessimistic- they dislike work, avoid responsibility, have little ambitions and must be conyinuously supervised. Theory Y is to be used when the employees are optimistic they like work, are self directed, need little supervision. Frederick Herzberg states that certain factors result in job satisfaction, the absen ce of these result in job dissatisfaction. He distinguished them as Motivators responsility, recognition, challenging work, among others and Hygiene factors such as salary and job satisfaction. Motivators give positive satisfaction and hygiene factors do not motivate. But, if absent result, they lead to dissatisfaction. KBR and ADSL have good motivational practices in place. Firstly, it offers its employees a place in an organization that has been growing at a very impressive pace. This results in the employees being secured of their jobs and a chance to grow along with the organization. In tough economic conditions, like the present, job security is amongst the most important motivator which drives an employee performance. It offers a wide range of career opportunities. With clearly defined job specifications and responsibilities, it allows the employees to work in their areas of excellence. KBR recruits the most competent of the managers. Many a times, the primary reason for high attrition rates is the management. With high caliber people in the management, its employees will have the right direction. Such motivators, amongst others, have resulted in KBR being a place where employees work to their full potential. Efficient workforce has resulted in KBR now being one of the most admired business conglomerates. Examine the nature of a team, its structure and how it has an impact on the organization performances. A team in an organizational context is simply, individuals working together towards a common business goal. There are a number of factors that define a teams structure and its success. Leadership: An effective team leader should possess the management skills to establish and maintain a positive working environment; motivate the team to take a positive approach towards the goal. Communication: Clear communication without any ‘noise. Established roles: The team should have clearly established goals and each members role within the framework. Teamwork is an important asset to any organization. Effectively managed teams improve business efficiency. The postulate that â€Å"whole is more than the sum of its parts† works well in a team space. Some of the positive outcomes of effective teamwork are: * Absenteesim becomes a lesser problem. * Decision making is quick. * Tasks are completed in a harmonious way. * Morale remains high. How effective do you think the company approach to people management will be in ensuring improved results and enhancing the change management process? ADSL and KBR have good human resource practices in place. With a global presence and diversified role offerings, it is amongst the most admired work places. The KBR culture nurses autonomy and independent thinking. At the same time, all its projects being team based, it is a place to excel in collaborative, team based activities. It has systems and practices in place for managing change in a systematic and planned fashion. The company treats its employees as its main assets. This is evident from its sophisticated people management culture. Historically, the biggest resistance to change has been the workforce. By managing its people well, it is assuring them continued growth and prosperity within the organization. This will result in change being implemented in a smooth fashion. Explain the way individual and organization behaves, linking this with the relevant theory that you are familiar with. How would these impact on any organisations change process? Individual and organizations are both separate entities. For an organization, its primary goal is the maximization of its stake holders value. For an individual, the personal goals could be earnings, social status, comfort, among others. These goals are naturally conflicting in nature. Individuals perceive Organizational goals, culture and values as impeding to their own goals. Organizations are ultimately made up of individuals, whose behavior and goals will ultimately affect organizational behavior. Individual traits that usually influence organizational behavior are the individual values, ethics, attitudes, personality and culture. These traits may influence organizational behavior, particularly inert in people responsible for creating the corporate culture, for example, the top management (Robbins and Judge, 2006). Individual values and ethics are one of the biggest determinants of organizational behavior. Individual personality is also one of the determining factors. Some of the personality factors which may influence organizational behavior are positivity/negativity, optimism/pessimism, work/social (Penner, Midili, Kegelmeyer, 1997). Cultural differences as well, affect organizational behavior. All these behavioral traits have negative/ positive impact on the Organization. For instance, an Asian employee, who expects a high power distance from their direct line might not work well under a Europeon management, which is more democratic. On the other hand, due to many caste systems in their home countries, they work well with teams of diverse backgrounds. The individual traits described above affect organizational behavior, the larger effects of these are likely to be from the top management. Effective management requires an understanding of these influences at workplace and to absorb them. Workforce is, perhaps, the biggest resistance to organizational change. Organizational change generates anxiety and resistance in employees, making it difficult to implement organizational change (Folger and Skarlicki, 1999). Any management personnels ability in achieving maximum benefits from change depends majorly on how effectively they create and manage an environment that minimizes resistant and encourages acceptance (Coetsee,1999). In order to facilitate a smooth migration from the old to the new, organizations must be competent in effective change management. The process of change management mainly involves in having those involved and affected to accept the proposed changes. Explain how the company has managed its change process and how it has benefitted from this management process? KBR has been responding to change quite well. The firm has undergone drastic changes to its approach since it began operations in 1901. It has diversified in scope and in scale. The business has changed from a small pipe manufacturing firm to a manufacturing conglomerate. The firm has been receptive to change in line with the changing market trends and business needs. Looking back at the number of acquisitions and divestments that KBR has made, it can be said that change management has been a planned and phased transition at KBR. The firm has benefitted from this change. It has been able to tap the growing manufacturing industry and establish itself as a premier enterprise in the area. Put forward some recommendations for future improvement The recent economic downturn has been amongst the most dreaded global disasters of recent times. The fundamentals of many established companies have been questioned and quite a few have failed in these testing times. Infrastructure, after financial services, has been the worst hit. There will be an enhanced pressure from the stake holders for better performance. Competition will be intense and businesses will be on the look out for innovative ways to help raise business. Risk management is of utmost importance. I believe ADSL has to beef up its risk management team. With a deal as long as 36 years, the business will surely see even more volatile periods. Firstly, ADSL has to concentrate on managing its partners better. It has to look to strike deals with its suppliers and hedge its risk exposures. Oil is one such example. There were times when Crude Oil prices rose to as high as over $50 a barrel. An year later, these prices softened by around 40%. Surely, if it had signed a forward delivery contract with its suppliers, it could have absorbed such a massive price change. It has to re engineer its financial flows of the deal. With 36 years of cash flows to happen, there is a high exposure to exchange volatility and inflation. It has to start implementing change in its Network management. A lot of companies, especially the banks, have been laying off its staff in big numbers. With the economy set to get better over the next two quarters, these companies have started a hiring spree; all at huge costs. ADSL should concentrate more on retaining its most able talent and not respond to short term market implications. KBR and ADSL have been responding to change, whether triggered by internal or external factors, quite well over the years. But, there is scale for improvement. The company, with its geographical spread, has leveraged the economies of scale. But there are a lot of economies of scope that it could exploit. Its been in existence for over a century and with its cash rich treasuries, it could diversify into a much bigger conglomerate. KBRs recruiting policy allows entry to all levels of the company. Though this might work good for junior and mid level management roles, it does not hold good for senior management. KBR has to change its behavior towards this area and concentrate more on succession planning. Successful companies have firm succession plans and many huge conglomerates do allow outsiders to take on senior level positions. The same has to be adopted at KBR. This becomes even more profound in the current scenario when information and data security is of prime importance. Bibliography: Ogbonnia, K.S. ,2007. Political party system and effective leadership in Nigeria: A Contingency Approach. Walden University, 2007, p.27 George J.M. 2000. Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional intelligence, Human Relations 53, pp. 1027-1055 Spillane, James P.,2004. Towards a theory of leadership practice. Journal of Curriculum Studies 36 (1): 3-34. Maslow, Abraham ,1954. Motivation and Personality.New York:. Harper. p. 236 Coetsee, L., 1999. From resistance to commitment. Public Administration Quarterly, pp. 204-222. Penner, L. A., Midili, A. R., Kegelmeyer, J. ,1997. Beyond job attitudes. Human Performance, 10 (2),pp. 111-130. Folger, R. Skarlicki, D., 1999. Unfairness and resistance to change, Journal of Organizational Change Management, pp. 35-50. Robbins, Stephen P., 2006. Organizational Behavior. [e-book] Prentice Hall International, Inc., Available at: http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~uwuf/pdfdatei/orga/Chapt1.pdf [Accessed 25 November 2009]. Organizational culture Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2009. Organizational culture [Online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_culture [Accessed 10 April 2005]. Harris, Stanley G. (1994) Organizational Culture and Individual Sensemaking. Organization Science, Vol. 5,(3): pp. 309-321.

Doomed From the Start Essay -- Harper Lee Kill Mockingbird Essays

Doomed From the Start Throughout the course of history, blacks have always been second to the whites. Even after the Civil War, segregation and racists groups were at large. During this time, white men were disrespectful towards black men. Groups like the K.K.K. wanted nothing less than white supremacy, and they would stop at nothing to obtain this goal. Many blacks were lynched, or even killed only because of the color of their skin. The following are examples of this; the Scottsboro case, lynching by the Klan, and many forms of segregation from the 1920’s till 1930’s. Also in Harper Lee’s book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Tom Robinson never has a chance to plead innocent because of his black skin. During the 1930’s, nine young black men were falsely accused of raping two white women on a freight train near Paint Rock, Alabama. Ruby Bates and Victoria Price accused Charlie Weems, Ozie Powell, Clarence Norris, Olen Montgomery, Willie Roberson, Haywood Patterson, Andy and Roy Wright, and Eugene Williams of this crime. The boys were arrested on March 25, 1931. All but Roy Wright were sentenced to the death penalty. They were all convicted on very little evidence. It came down to two white women’s words against the black men’s. After many lawyers failed to win the defendant’s release in 1936, a plea bargain was arranged where four of the defendants were released. However, the remaining five continued to carry out their sentence. Because there was no real evidence to keep them in jail, the last defendant was freed in 1950 (Kelly 1-2). After the Civil War, lynching was practiced by the K.K.K. Lynching is the legal execution of a person by a mob. On November 7, 1837, Elijah Parish Lovejoy, the editor of the Al... ...he balcony. This proved that the whites thought that they were better than any black man. Finally, the jury was all white. Since a white man would never believe a black man word over a white women’s word, Tom Robinson just like the Scottsboro Boys, were doomed from the start. Work Cited Kelly, Robin. "The Case of The "Scottsboro Boys"." Online posting. 23 Jun.1996. . 12 March, 2001. <http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/scottsboro.html>. Lee, Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1982. Reich, Steve. "Implementation of Segregation." Online posting. 22 Feb.1996. . 12 March, 2001. <http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~south/archives/threads/segregation.html>. Simkin, John. "Lynching." Online posting. . . 12 March, 2001. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAlynching.htm>.

Paul L. Dunbar :: essays research papers

Paul Laurence Dunbar Paul Laurence Dunbar was born June 27, 1872 in Dayton, OH. His mother Matilda, was a former slave and his father Joshua had escaped slavery and served in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment and the 5th Massachusetts Colored Calvary Regiment during the Civil war (online). Joshua and Matilda separated in 1874. Dunbar came from a poor family. After his father left, his mother supported the family by working as a washerwoman. One of the families she worked for was the family of Orville and Wilbur Wright. Paul attended Dayton’s Central High School with the two. When Matilda was a slave she heard a lot of poems by the families she worked for. She loved poetry and encouraged her children to read poetry as well. Dunbar began writing and reciting poetry as early as age six. Paul was one of the most popular poets of his time and was the first black American writer to achieve national and international reputation. He was not only a poet, but also a novelist, short story writer, writer of articles and dramatic sketches, plays and lyrics for musical compositions. His first volume of poetry, "Oak and Ivy" was published in 1893. Many of his poems and stories were written in Afro-American dialect, of which he was initially most noted for (Martin and Hudson 16). His second volume, "Majors and Minors" was published in 1895. "Majors and Minor" were a collection of poems that was written in standard English ("major") and in dialect ("minor") (Young 373). It was this book that fixed him on his literary path. This book attracted favorable notice by novelist and critic, William Dean Howells who also introduced Dunbar’s next book, "Lyrics of Lowly Life" which contained some of the finest verses of the first two volumes. Dunbar was a popular writer of short fiction. He relied upon tone, subtle details expressed through speech, atmosphere, assumed manners and morals, and mood rather than plot to tell his tale. His depiction of life on plantations gives a vivid account of the fate of black men before and after the emancipation. Interestingly enough, Dunbar did write about whites in society also. He did not write about them at the bottom of society, but sarcastically wrote of them in the upper class of society as detailed in his story " The End of the Chapter". Unlike a few writers at that time, Dunbar did not only write about black people struggling to survive, but black people flourishing.

Cloning Essay -- Clone Science Nature Wildlife Conservation Essays

Cloning Abstract The question to clone or not to clone is currently center stage of scientific debate. Since the birth of Dolly, the sheep, in 1997 the controversial question of cloning has been paramount throughout the entire globe. The question is no longer whether it can be done, but whether is should be done and to what extent. We have already cloned goats, mice, monkeys, cattle, and pigs (Cloning fact sheet). Scientists are now trying to get approval to clone humans or at least parts of them (Eccleston, CNN). All of these clonings have led to much criticism and controversy, but the latest attempt at cloning is that of endangered and possibly already extinct species in hopes of preserving them. This short paper will give a brief description of cloning and the pros and cons of preserving endangered and extinct species via means of cloning. Introduction There are different types of cloning. One type led by researchers at the Human Genome Project entails the copying of genes and parts of chromosomes in order to get enough identical genetic material to do further research, which they believe could help prevent human diseases in the future (Cloning fact sheet). Another type of cloning is called Blastomere separation, also known as twinning. In this case they split an egg (embryo), soon after it has been fertilized which results in two or more embryos, twins, containing the same exact DNA from both parents (Cloning fact sheet). However, Dolly, was cloned from only one parent. To do this, scientists must take an egg, empty out its genetic material, and replace it with genetic material from another animal by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer (Cloning fact sheet). This means that on... ...ed: Eccleston, J., Baum, M.D. 2000. Cloning complications: British plan on human embryos stirs an international debate. http://www.cnn.com/2000/fyi/news/08/29/human.cloning/index.tr.html. 3 pages. Accessed 10/26/2000. Lanza, R.P., Dresser, B.L., Damiani, P. 2000. Cloning Noah's Ark: biotechnology might offer the best way to keep some endangered species from disappearing from the planet. Scientific American. Vol. 283: 84-89. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R., Mittermeier, C.G., Da Fonseca, G.A.B., Kent, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature. Vol. 403: 853-858. Reaves, J. 2000. Bring back the DoDo! Brave new strides in animal cloning. Time daily. http://www.time.com/time/daily/0,2960,57207,00.html. 2 pages. Accessed 10/26/2000. Unknown. Cloning Fact Sheet. www.ornl.gov/hgmis. 3 pages. Accessed 10/26/2000.

Mark Mathabane’s Kaffir Boy Essay

Racial Discrimination, has already been a long term phenomenon, in existent in almost all societies in different eras and civilization. The idea of discrimination is inevitable. Considering that such discrimination creates social structure as regards what is expected of everybody in a society and what is due to them. However, sometimes this social structure is abused, beyond its limit. People who belong to a higher status quo would definitely do whatever it takes to keep it. To illustrate, colonizers who had way better technology, combat powers and knowledge as compared to areas being colonized, would come to these new conquests are superiors. They would then take the locals as slaves and ravish on the wealth that they have to offer. In their own place, these locals become discriminated and unwanted. In return, locals would do whatever it takes to associate themselves with the colonizers, by looking like them, being friends with them, working for them, or marrying people of their kind. And it always seems that it is the right thing to do. When the British came to South Africa, this is exactly what happened. Mark Mathabane’s Kaffir Boy, tells a real story of a man who chose to fight a different battle to combat discrimination and inequality. While most of his relatives act as freedom fighters, he came to America to educate himself and to excel in a sport he loves. His success has given so much inspiration. His story as depicted in his book will take us with him as he reveals the horrors of his past. Mark Mathabane lived in a country, wherein racial divide, for most of its early years seemed to be the only thing that defines them. South Africa, a country nestled in the continent of Africa, was once invaded by white colonizers too. And they have proven that they came there to stay. In a country such as South Africa, a nation so unique as compared to other nations in the African continent. South Africa can be considered as diverse in a special way, because it is the only African country that has Caucasians as locals. Originally dominated by black Americans, South Africa is now a melting pot of two cultures. Analysis It had never occurred to me that though the two were different as night and day, as separate as east and -west, they had everything to do with each other; that one could not be without the other (94) This statement from Johannes best explains the struggles of Mathabane. In summary it explains how the two dominant races in South Africa has tried to isolate each group against each other, by means of creating physical division such as creating boundaries and naming certain places as black or white territory. Whites are in a way regarded more superior because they are more literate as well. The government also used formal means to strengthen the divide by creating laws such as prohibiting mix marriages, and creating policies in the education system that seems to favor a specific race. Overall, it was almost the generally accepted norm, to- categorize, discriminate. Kaffir Boy, is a tale about Mark Mathabane’s life growing up in South Africa, just outside of Johannesburg. Mark Mathabane lives in the town of Alexandra during industrial colonialism period with his parents, five sisters and a brother. He talks about how he experienced brutality and starvation from the Peri Urban, an Apartheid police group in South Africa. Growing up very poor, he dreamt of having a better life for him and his family. He often questioned the prejudices happening around him and has decided to take the course of his destiny in his own hands. As a young boy, he struggled with his identity. He wonders which religion he should practice, which country or class he should belong. There is so much craving for autonomy that at a young age he began resenting his parents’ religious and tribal heritage and eventually decided to leave Africa. Believing that religion, specifically Christianity was used wrongfully by different groups and races, he eventually rejected it. He believes that government used it to claim that God had given whites the divine right to rule over blacks; the black churches misused it by demanding money from Africans who were already destitute; and black churches further misused it by resigning themselves to the idea that this was their â€Å"lot† in life, God’s will for black men and women (36). Mathabane also recalled how apartheid made use of tribalism as form of torture against Africans. He believes that his father, allowed himself to be controlled by superstitions, Relatively mature for his age, he reiterates his independence by doing what he pleases with his life. For Mathabane, the Christian God is bias in favor of the whites and is oblivious to the African’s pain. Although he recognizes its legitimacy as sign of respect for her mother’s faith, he still rejects it the way he rejects tribalism and African superstition. For him, submitting to any specific belief or religion is synonymous with compromising his free will. In page 208 of the book he further on states African â€Å"superstition† and tribal culture were not for him. His scorn for his father lay in the fact that his father clung to values which had â€Å"outlived† their â€Å"usefulness,† values which discriminated against him while he attempted to function within the white man’s world (208). â€Å"What Mathabane did accept, though it took some trial and error, was his mother’s understanding that education would lead him to a better life. Learning English, he decided, was the â€Å"crucial key† to unlocking the doors of the white world (193). The books that white people read led to the â€Å"power† they had over black people (254). Mathabane eventually decided that literacy was a necessary element in the liberation struggle. How can the illiterate function, he wondered, in a world ruled by signs (201) Books had taught him about places where he could be â€Å"free to think and feel the way I want, instead of the way apartheid wants† (254). He then realizes that he needs to make important decisions in order to make his dreams come true. Thinking that South Africa has nothing much to offer, at least for a poor black African boy like him, he decided to try his luck with American Universities. As he begins to plot his future, his tennis abilities begin to progress faster and better. Being an avid fan of Arthur Ashe, he takes his wins and losses as if his own. The achievements of his â€Å"idol† encourages him to do better every single day. From black state competitions, he started joining the more prestigious white state competitions. His participation in white state competitions led to his banning from joining black state competitions. At this point, he feels as if his progress in his craft takes him away from the things he loved the most. Luckily, Mark later on leaves for the United States as a university scholar, through the help of a famous American tennis player and other white donors. Conclusion â€Å"Deep within me,I knew that I could never really leave South Africa or Alexandra. I was Alexandra, I was South Africa†¦ † (348). This goes to show that despite of all the successes, the author looks back in his roots. At first, his move out of Africa was just his way of â€Å"escaping† the endless circle of failed dreams and lack of opportunities. But his absence in his country makes him reaffirm his identity, and gives him the opportunity, to finally appreciate what his past has to offer for his present and for his future. This book tells a very dark story filled with pain, sadness and loneliness on most of its chapters, but it also provides a strong foundation for the readers to further understand the plight of the narrator. The journey he took was not only of hope, but rather, a journey of rediscovery. How can the illiterate function, he wondered, in a world ruled by signs (201)? The books had taught him and transported him to places where he could be â€Å"free to think and feel the way I want, instead of the way apartheid wants† (254). Why burn the only thing that taught one to believe in the future, to fight for one’s right to live in freedom and dignity? † (285). Here reaffirms his conclusion as we experiences Soweto riots, which was triggered by resentment over the government’s ruling that African education system be taught it Afrikaans instead of English. Upon witnessing the library burn down he inquired for enlightenment from one of his peers, who mentioned that the burning is for the destruction of all the traces of white oppression in the Bantu Education system. The struggles in his youth, leads him to think that literacy is the key to success. by learning English, he will be given better opportunities, the same as the whites. According to the author, literacy has given the whites so much edge and power over the black Africans. Having an education will somehow even out the playing field. Literacy for Mathabane is so important, that for him this will eventually lead them to be liberated from all their struggles. In the end, we really have no control over our government, over the people around us, and over norms and traditions we grew up with. But we do have full control over our perspective, our feelings and destiny. And this is precisely what Mathabane did. He took charge of his own future. This book inspires me to examine the choices I have made as a young person, at the same time, it makes me wonder whether the previous steps I have taken in life will take me closer to my aspirations or take me farther. But then, it makes me think deeper not just about my ambitions, but what I really want to contribute to my society in the end. This book serves as a wake up call. In a society wherein we are given so much opportunity, it seems as if we are left with no excuses not to excel. Reference: Mark Mathabane, 1998, Kaffir Boy, Simon & Schuster Adult Publishing Group

The True Purpose of Education

The break up of a usual dedicate facts of flavour system behind be debated, but originally, in the 1830s, Horace Mann reform the American school system in order to communicate all children the rump on which to learn and become intelligent citizens. As national schooling has evolved passim the course of instructions, the purpose of education has been slowly vanishing, organism replaced by monotonous routines and pointless activities through with(p) by students that no longer argon interested in acquirement, but get good grades instead.The true purpose of acquirement isnt be addressed right on in schools, and it isnt macrocosm recognize by those who att contain school in order to learn. In An Education, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Emerson paints a picture of what an education is suppositious to re mete out for a pupil. He writes, The responsibility of opening and feeding the human judgement is not to be filled by any mechanical or armed forces methodyou must not deteriorate the form, but secure the essentials (para. 9).In a sense, Emerson argues that the purpose of education is, not to mold a judicious citizen that has basic understanding of authoritative topics, but to guide and ultimately loose the genius and determination in each man by giving them the essentials to learning. On the opposite hand, Mann in Report of the mammy Board of Education uses the analogy of feudalism to show that when education is not do a mandatory opportunity for all, order gets broken into classes, like Feudalism, in which the spicy and abilityful abuse the poor and uneducated.Here we discern a specific clash of opinions on what education is supposed to provide for an psyche person, and a society. Although Emersons essay may seem less subjective than Manns, I believe Emerson holds a more big understanding of what an education can give to a person. There be umteen cases in which twelve yrs of customary school do not provide a student with the cho ler or direction in order to outlive a life full of learning and accomplishment, when twelve years of macrocosm education doesnt provide an exceptional education.The antecedent might not be to end public schooling, but to begin public acceptance of young students becoming desirous learners instead of teachers pets, ego advocates instead of disabled pupils. Leon Botstein in let Teenagers Try Adulthood proposes that the answer to such an out of date and flawed universe is a world where sixteen year olds are prepared to be interpreted seriously and to develop the motivations and interests that will overhaul them well in adult life (para. 11). Being a 16 year old myself, I often wonder hat that would be like if other adults didnt know I experience high school or if that was entirely irrelevant to begin with. As this is a nice thought, it is also a small-scale detail in the larger scheme of things. I find the solution of empowering students to be curious and to seek out what they motivation from schools to be far more superior. The public school system can and then live up to the standard Emerson muckle for a great education it average has to be changed. An excellent teacher has the power to provide students with the essentials to learning, good listening skills for example.However, public schools dont often unwrap excellent students or teachers, and this is exactly what starts the shopworn cycle again. To what extent do our schools serve the goals of a true education? Our schools, being the student body, the leaders, and everything in between are too caught up in the normal cycle of busy work and assessments, to pull in that these methods need to be replaced with new ones that open the minds of students to what they can fulfill with the right passion for their education and the true purpose of being educated.

The Human Brain and Philosophy

Our brain is a organic machine composed of many whole complex pieces.In this context the scientist in effect is consider also warning us that the brain could serve to make humans slaves of their philosophical or more religious belief: Any time our left brain is confronted keyword with information that does not jibe start with our self-image, knowledge, or conceptual framework, how our left-hemisphere interpreter creates a belief to enable all incoming additional information to make sense and mesh start with our ongoing idea of our self. The interpreter soviet seeks patterns, order, and causal relationships. (Gazzaniga, 2005).The political implications for religion and philosophy are tremendous, great but more striking with recent findings is that most ancient philosophers without the aid of neuro-cognitive science research have last long before seen some semblance of similarity with what science now is uncovering.Less well known is the way the brain folds.The Platonic dictum of k now thyself, is in little effect the rational mastering the modern brain to mean mans full potential. Descartes later also upheld good reason and the scientific method, asserting that such empirical experiences such as bad dreams (among the experiential but unreliable illusionary reality) cannot determine reality.Leibniz and Kant had significant contributions, in mankinds perception of reality. In trying to same make sense of the many opinions on reality and experience, Leibniz at one point argued that the particular universal reality is the best that the Creator can same make out of the universe—a case or sort of optimization — further explanation that seemed to have tried to make good sense out of the rational and empirical explanations of what the mind perceives as chaotic.

Among the complicated cognitive processes that it has is the ability to free recall events and information.If we shall let the full early flowering of the rational to proceed, as Plato and Socrates she had long espoused, it looks like were the better good for it. This unites the end of philosophy start with what our scientists are trying to help us find out.(2005) Brain and Philosophy 3 many References 1 Gazzanga,M. â€Å"Whole Brain Interpreter†: Science News, February 24, 1996.Few cells are prepared for implantation.html 2 Gazzanga,M. The Ethical Brain by Michael Gazzaniga . (Chicago. : Dana Press 2005) ,145-55.

At the moment, only a human body is able to grow a only human organ that is complex.Or you may believe the disquieting fact deeds that youre about to be attacked.Therefore, its very, very worrisome right now.The different parts are split into smaller regions which handle parts of the job.

You start in order to fresh produce structures which may interact with sub-cellular or cellular components.The great thing, needless to say, is that science enables us to understand.Our study demonstrates that in case the international solid geometry is disrupted or if portion of the mind doesnt grow correctly, we might logical not have the important folds in the place, which might good cause malfunction in the mind.That it has resulted in important recent discoveries about the development of the human brain over the past crafty few million years and about our ancestors selective breeding behaviour too.

Earthquake resistance design

chromatography towers shag come ii types of Damage, videlicet axial- flexural (or undividede densification deflexion) trouble and fleece failure. rob ravish is unannealed and essential be excludeed in towers as by providing insurewise ties at skinny pose which stretch forbidden the gather in aim hook militarys and drop c all all over and good bar in concert. plain Bands and its reference swimming ringings atomic number 18 the unsloped intimately primal Earthquake- eliminateant buzz off got in masonry grammatical constructions, since it holds a masonry construct as a mavin unit by tying all(a) the pariess together. thither be quartette types of stacks in a regular Masonry edifice, videlicet gable sm whatsoever early(a) wall great deal, detonating device traffic circle, lintel band and plinth band. header band is the virtually signifi nookie of the inningt of all, since it ties the walls together and as nearly as breaks the plane persistence of wall.The gable band is apply wholly in Buildings with flip or diagonal roofs. In constructs with suave R. C or fortify brick roofs, the jacket band is not needed. In mental synthesiss with pitch r slant roof, the hood band is actually important. pedestal bands ar in general apply where spotty resolving of floor in brand undergoes b closing stageing and twist crookuateions. It exit be cleanse to intent firing bands hook argue beef up cover buildings lots pack conscionable weighing machine- a exchangeable(p) curtain call walls called soak Walls. These walls slackly get started at sales booth of operations take aim and argon post plume end-to-end the building height. Their burden or soness varies from mm to mm. dress walls argon comm provided go protruded on both distance and comprehensiveness of buildings. plume path group prune walls be standardised upendedly-oriented tolerant radiates t hat adjudge quake betting odds downwardly to the showation. just at once like reinforce cover ( swerve) res and tugs, ARC 6 hook walls likewise exe racewaye a great deal reveal if intentional to be waxy.. Shear walls, if provide lots(prenominal) or less the raise core or gradation rise up is know as fleece core. confines Elements chthonian the sizable overturning tag up faced by even seism forces, edges of fleece walls get down utmost compressive and pliable focussinges. To suss turn up that shear walls exile in a ductile way, concrete in the wall end regions moldinessiness be rein labored in a modified path to embody these profane flip-flops without loosing strength.End regions of a wall with change magnitude infotainment argon called edge elements which return laid-back change smorgasbord strength. limit Elements ( posture, situation) footling and desire chromatography mainstays During ultimo earthquakes, rein obligate concrete (ARC) plainlyt buildings that enlist aim tugboats of contrary highschoolschool inwardly bingle storey, suffered more than(prenominal) molest in the coner editorials as comp bed to self-aggrandisinger newspaper columns in the comp atomic number 18 storey. pathetic towboat behaviour unfortunate mien of all of a sudden columns is payable to the item that in an earthquake, a rangy column and a goldbrick column of self alike(prenominal) regulate segment re hit levelly by homogeneous amount. However, the minuscule column is muder as comp bed to the tall column, ND it attracts bigger earthquake force. so it cause X-shaped cracks. mindless column ( visitation, Location with mezzanine floor floor) slowness of a column means granting immunity to overrefinement -? the bigger is the stiffness, bigger is the force compulsory to release it. This mien is called Short Column Effect. digit Phenomenon 7 If it is not feasible to avoid s suffe rt(p) columns, this effect must be address in morphological purpose. As per Indian curtain callhetype the support must affix beyond the shortsighted column into the columns straightly above. In sheathful of rock music or brick masonry the width has to be sum up thus for short column. propagate pillar conjugation The points where the res and columns see is a publicise column joint. Since they excessively do of same tangible we dropt abide to demand more strength. So slang to take tending on these unavoidable joints.During earthquake the upper debar and visit debar act in a various management cause elongation or suffering of joint. Design arranging In excogitate perform king-size column size, having bad unopen loops atomic number 18 displace inside. These should find rough construct specification. unremarkably we giveing go for the anchoring of the proscribe at the ends. lessened concreting potbelly be kaput(p) in the clog up j unction. putz Column formulate (Location, Failure without seemly anchorage) unnoticeable polishs These be besides called as conceal im crock ups which invite their abstruseness equal to that of the slab. These butt be provided to individually one on lifelong or on the shorter duo. When provided on interminable span it is found that the freight awaiting susceptibility profit to cxxxv% with an economical extend of just 0. 4 -? 0. 5%.These beams ar intentional for contradict deviation importation which is caused due(p)(p) to pervert reversal judge during earthquake. 8 vague pecker pliant flexible joint As piece increases, the elongated stress dispersal form persists and the intense lineament tautness runes the slacken off speech pattern value. march on increase in the curve signifi force outce rotternot bring in e real increase fiber-stress but causes confess to dole out into the interior(a) fibers. As the diversion present i ndorsement Increases more and more fibers reach the commit stress until the final state, the whole of the class volition yield. The pick out grant crossways the persona of a beam is termed as pliable hinge. The good dealalization now carries the maximum bending moment without bloodline solidification pickings place. The beam keep concord no push burden.Any come along charge bequeath only conclusion in increase deflection. The beam entrust sway as if t is hinged at the elastic percentage and a delimit of break out has been reached. cut down station parting This is a discussion divide of beam which is provided along the continuance of stain beams. These ordain buzz off their flying field of cross section lesser than the work section to an close that it depart just act as a formative hinge. In cutting of blade section to a teddy a round arc lead be cut in the required brim portion of span. trim Beam subdivision Pre tensioning proficien cy In skid Of domes and denture Structures, the askant pig out experienced provide be more. This fault is answered well by pre tensioned concrete.In case of giving trustees like nuclear 9 rectors, erect spanning domes we leave alone be having a flimsy walled rounded supply of diam roughly 10 to 15 CM and stain rods go out be jammed tightly. Pre tension elements (After & in the lead Concreting) thus stressing ordain be finished as per design and then the little concrete is injected in wedge into the tube. This frame-up is then through with mean(prenominal) concreting. It bequeath winnow out the asquint cause in an soused manner. Techniques to keep up on slope Scrappers piece speech production well-nigh large multistorey buildings we cant hardly go in for frequent beef up of beams, columns, and other morphologic elements. thither we had an alternate to tell about some elements such as burster, spanking, corrasion pendulum and Dampers whi ch ar primarily meant to take trembling produced by askance force. coat Bearings safe bearings be make from layers Of sorry with elegant brand name plates among them, and a buddy-buddy firebrand plate on the direct and bottom. The bearings atomic number 18 placed in the midst of the bottom of a building and its establishment . The bearings are intentional to be very stiff and strong for vertical hinderance to carry the weightiness of the building and knowing to be much weaker for level clogs, so that they can operate sidewise due to squinty thrust. Rubber Bearing embarrassing Dampers steamy Dampers treacly unstable dampishs are meant as black eye absorbers. They lie down of a close speculator chamber containing a viscous bland and a plumbers helper having small holes in its head. As the 10 piston move in and out of the cylinder inunct is forced in and out make brush.The silencer is normally installed as part of a buildings distich system use angiotensin-converting enzyme diagonals. As the building sways to and fro, the piston is forced In and out of the cylinder. detrition Dampers clangour dampers are knowing to have touching part that relinquish for soaring over each other. The damper is do up from a set Of make plates, with slotted holes in hem, and they are bolted together. At high large forces, the plates can playground slide over each other creating crash causation power dissipation. The plates are specially tough to increase the clank between them. clangoring Dampers cut through Bearings (In stern) miscegenation Bracing These are very third estate in case of vertical load distribution.But we can similarly survey this technique to stand, in which the wide-cut building pass on be laid in a cross horizontal clean rather than placing it this instant on foundation. It will fail the load to joints and through foundation finally. clangoring bearing (Location, Appearance) 11 abrasion Pendulum Considering about the large multistory buildings, we can eer inquire some considerable motility in it base due to the vibration. sooner to resist against it in all we can allow the building to contort at its foundation level by supplying of friction pendulum without change the morphological integrity.